人民日报记者暨佩娟
北欧绿色邮报网报道：国际货币基金组织2月19日发布声明表示，蒙古国将获得总价值约55亿美元的一揽子援助资金。其中，中国央行将与蒙古国中央银行续签150亿元人民币（约22亿美元）的本币互换协议，帮助蒙古国政府缓解收支压力、偿还紧急债务。2月10日晚，菲律宾南部城市苏里高遭受百年来最强地震，造成百余人伤亡。中国政府决定向菲律宾政府提供100万美元紧急人道主义援助，用于帮助菲方开展救灾工作。此外，中国还将向叙利亚提供两笔无偿援助，用于人道主义物资和项目等。
这是中国对外援助的几起最新案例。60多年来，中国共向166个国家和国际组织提供了近4000亿元人民币援助。仅2016年，中国政府援助实施各类工程及物资项目就接近250个，培训各类人才2.9万名，派出管理技术人员、医疗队员和志愿者等各类援外专家约5000人次，惠及156个国家和地区及国际组织。中国累计向斐济、苏里南、厄瓜多尔、斯里兰卡等近30个国家和国际组织提供了50余批次紧急人道主义援助，赢得了国际社会的高度赞誉。
中国对外援助正日益从“基础设施建设”转向“民生建设”。商务部国际贸易经济合作研究院副研究员张菲对人民日报记者说，中国的对外援助以往较多注重建设体育馆、政府大楼等大型工程项目，而近年来，则越来越关注受援国的经济发展与民生改善。不仅帮助受援国修建公路、铁路、桥梁、港口、电力和通信设施，还帮助建设医院和学校、传授农业技术、培训经济管理人才和科学技术人才等。
据悉，近年来，中国的对外援助更贴近受援国的经济社会发展需求尤其是工业化需求，以及当地民众改善生活的需求。“中国为粮食短缺的国家培训一批农业技术工人，只要能增加该国的粮食产量，就比建设一个体育场的效果更好。”张菲说。
北京大学非洲研究中心副主任刘海方在接受人民日报记者采访时表示，目前，中国着力促进国内产业升级，促进国际产能合作，推动中国装备制造业“走出去”；同时还提出了“一带一路”倡议，促进互联互通，今后的对外援助会与这两方面工作重点结合。
China’s foreign aid is more people-oriented
By Ji Peijuan from People’s Daily
In the past six decades, China has provided nearly 400 billion yuan of aids to 166 countries and international organizations, lending a helpful hand when the latter were in need. But an emerging trend is that the focus of such assistance has been shifted from infrastructure construction to projects related to people’s livelihood.
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) on Feb.19 reached an agreement with Mongolia on a $5.5-billion bailout scheme. In the bailout package, China has extended its currency swap agreement worth 15 billion yuan (about $2.2 billion) with the latter to relieve its pressure on the balance of payments and help with its urgent debts.
Chinese government donated $1 million as humanitarian aid to Surigao City in the southern Philippines which was hit by the most destroying earthquake in the past century on Feb. 10. In addition, China will also provide two sums of non-reimbursable assistance to Syria for humanitarian supplies and projects.
The above are several of the latest foreign aid initiated by Chinese government. Merely in 2016, China assisted nearly 250 engineering and supply projects, trained 29,000 professionals, and sent 5,000 managerial or technical staffs, medical personnel and volunteers, to overseas destinations, benefitting 156 countries, regions and international organs.
China has so far provided more than 50 batches of emergency humanitarian assistance to nearly 30 countries and international organizations including Fiji, Surinam, Ecuador, and Sri Lanka, winning recognition from the international society.
Talking about these aids, Dr. Zhang Fei, associate research fellow of Chinese Academy of International Trade and Economic Cooperation, Chinese Ministry of Commerce (MOFCOM), said in an interview with the People’s Daily that compared with building stadiums, government halls and other large-scale constructions in the past, China is giving more money to develop economy and improve people’s livelihood in assisted countries.
China has not only built highways, railways, bridges, harbors, power and communication facilities for assisted countries, but also lent a helpful hand in building hospitals and schools, cultivating agricultural experts, training business and technical talents, Zhang added.
China’s assistance in recent years concentrated more on the need of economic and social development of recipients, especially the industrial need and people’s desire for a better life, the scholar said.
“For instance, China’s aid money may be better used to train skilled agricultural talents than adding more stadiums, for a country suffering from food shortage that needs to improve grain yield, ” she explained.
China is now on one hand concentrating efforts to accelerate industrial upgrade, international capacity cooperation and overseas expansion of China’s equipment manufacturing, and on the other hand committing to regional connectivity through the “Belt and Road” initiative and other approaches, Liu Haifang, deputy director of Center for African Studies at Peking University told People’s Daily, advising China to combine the two tasks with its future foreign aid programs.